We can tell from her rib cage that she was a plant eater and from her femur that she stood on two legs

We can tell from her rib cage that she was a plant eater, and from her femur that she stood on two legs.

Rare Earth

I'm a freak. I have a hitchhikers thumb and I'm colourblind. Protect me, I am the promise of the future.

Fun fact: I filmed the a-roll of this episode with a 103 degree fever, as was unfortunately the case with about half the episodes this season. The bloopers are pretty much just me throwing up off camera.

A special thanks to all our patrons who held strong throughout the break.

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This video was made possible thanks to our incredible Patreon subscribers Aaron lx, Abram Blocton, Adam Theo, Alan Bryce, Alberto Daval Cordeiro Araujo, Alejandro Fuentes Salazar, Alex Garland, Alex Van de Sande, Alex Ross, Alexis Michelle Smith, Ali Stokes, Amay Khara, Amity Marshall, Andres Rama, Andrew Larson, Aqeel Fassuhudeen, Audrey Brown, Austin Cousineau, Basil Hassoun, Blue Penguin, Bradley Brown, Brendan Antosh, Brian ONeel, Bruno Mikuš, C Reid, Carl Bodnaruk, Catherine Berry, Chris Ferguson, Christ k, Christopher Castro, Cody Belichesky, Damon Yi Hao, Daniel Demsky, Daniel Lee, Daniel Tyler, David Johnson, David James McConnell, David Benjamin, David Rowe, David Lister, David Badilotti, Denise Lipscombe, Djof, Douglas Danger Manley, Edee Nackers, Edward Sykes, Einar Holmedal, Eric Downes, Erik Ensing, f1r3w4rr10r, Fiona Cameron-Mackintosh, flox, Fridtjof Mahnke, Frode Thomassen, Gabe S, Gavin Cross, Ggamefreak22, Giffy, Gilberto Hart, Giulian Fava, Hedi Zisling, Heikki Tiainen, Henderson Moret, Hollis Davis, Isaac Langille-LaBerge, J Neko, Jacob Rebec, Jaime Jewer, James Clayton Bowman, James Calfee, James Mari, Jamie Cox, Jan Vilhuber, Jarod Hoffarth, Jeremy Wheelis, Jerome, Jessica Mayberry, Joachim Nygaard Kvam, Jochim Timmermann, John Abel, John adams, John Cline, John Goff, Jon Niezgoda, Jonathan Lindus, Jonathan Webb, Jonathan Lonowski, Josh Hoppes, Joshua Hutchison, Joshua Clarke, Julia Thiele, Julian Fiander, Kaitlin Wadley, Kevin Lee, Kidd Mclayer, Kristjan Kalve, LargeBilledDuck, Lars Hjort Christensen, Leo Höppner, Leszek Szczepański, Liam Oliver-Mallory, Liam Gilles, Liam Cooper, Lorenz, Lucas van wijk, Lukas Jackowski, Luke Trust, Akasha Yi, MacFoxington, Mad Sumac, Manuel Martin, Marc Chang, Marek Slabicki, Mark Mills, Markus, Martin Faszinka, Martin Hölzel, Marty Otzenberger, Matt, Matthew Benteau, Matthias Kleveta, Melanie Sumner, Merodac, Michael Cao, Michael Wladysiak, Michael, Michael Teesdale, Michael Loken, Michael Leers, Mike Pearce, Mladen Piasetskyi, MrElk, Muncorn, Nathaneal Register, Niclas Andersson, Nicolas Alexander Schmitt, Nyan Saik Krat, Ossian, Patrick W., Paul Cleeves, Paul Estella, Paulina Jonušaitė, Peaceful Conquest, Penny Brown, Peter Bjorvand, Peter Wood, Peter Lonjers, Pieter Algera, Pippin, Rabin Pun, Remi_Scarlet, Rob Rose, Robert Velten, Ron Warris, Ruddy Ezequiel Arroliga, sam, Sam C., Scott Crawford, Sean Lavery, Sergey Chukanov, setoh, sharpie660, Shayne Stride, Shravan Bendapudi, Simen Thoresen, Simon Tobar, Steve Martin De Souza, Steven Fontinelle, Svein Ove Aas, Taé Tran, Tad Moore, Taylor,Fussner, theLovitas, This Has Not Gone Well, Thomas Paris, Tino Dervisagic, Toaster, Tracey Coffin, Trance Cat, Tristan Steinhoff, Twisol, Unnamed Muffin, Vicki Allardice, Walter Schneider, Wes Mills, Whitefang, Wietse de Vries, Wolf Gratz, Yash Jain, Zach Kuzmicz and Zachary Hall. We love you guys!

Thanks for watching! You're clearly one of the good ones.{{SUBSTRING}}

The Freak Who Changed the World

Carefully cut out the corrugated rib on the leading edge by sliding your blade along the inside edges

Carefully cut out the corrugated rib on the leading edge, by sliding your blade along the inside edges.

TKOR

Turn random household items into a fully functional hobby rocket, for under $10.  In this video you'll see how to build the “Randomizer” Rocket, from scratch.  
Free Sonic Dad Template & PDF: http://bit.ly/SonicDadRandomizerPDF

Some quick links to a few of the materials I used:

[✓] Plastic Champagne glasses: http://amzn.to/2c2WJ37
[✓] Yellow Spray Paint: http://amzn.to/2c1VcYp
[✓] Gas Relief Pills: http://amzn.to/2cVqGSC
[✓] 150 Grit Sandpaper: http://amzn.to/2cHTRs1
[✓] 400 Grit Sandpaper: http://amzn.to/2cXUBWc
[✓] Golf Bag Tube: http://amzn.to/2cHVfKY
[✓] Wrapping paper: http://amzn.to/2cmNRpl
[✓] Epoxy Glue: http://amzn.to/2ceE8y4
[✓] Hot Glue Gun: http://amzn.to/2cVqR0n
[✓] Elastic Braided Cord: http://amzn.to/2cXWbYj
[✓] Scissors: http://amzn.to/2cVs2N8
[✓] Plastic Table Cover: http://amzn.to/2cmQ2sQ
[✓] Swivel Hooks: http://amzn.to/2cmQasg
[✓] Rocket Wadding: http://amzn.to/2cmPao5
[✓] Rocket Engine: http://amzn.to/2cHYDWb

Endcard Links:
 
Simple Chutes: https://goo.gl/vWeCxn
Electric Igniters: http://bit.ly/RocketIgniters
Screw-Lock Sugar Rockets: https://goo.gl/Qcs1wy
Randomizer Launch-pad: https://goo.gl/F8HfYG

Next Video: The Hot Wire Styro-Slicer: https://goo.gl/AO7ZaJ
Previous Video: How To Make Fire-Resistant Rocket Wadding (For Pennies): https://goo.gl/oFwoCu

See What Else I’m Up To:

Instagram: https://goo.gl/C0Q1YU
Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBTheKingOfRandom
Pinterest: http://bit.ly/pingrant

Business Inquiries: For business and sponsorship inquiries please contact us directly:  http://www.youtube.com/thekingofrandom/about

WARNING:  

This video is only for entertainment purposes.  If you rely on the information portrayed in this video, you assume responsibility for the results of your actions.  Playing with experimental rockets could result in serious injury, property damage and/or legal ramifications.  Have fun, but always think ahead, and remember that every project you try is at YOUR OWN RISK.

Music By:  

Music by Scott & Brendo “Kitten Air” Instrumental
iTunes: http://bit.ly/ScottBrendoiTunes
YouTube: www.youtube.com/scottandbrendo

Project Inspired By:  Ritchie Kinmont with http://www.sonicdad.com (http://bit.ly/SDRandomizerProject)

Project History & More Info: 

This project was inspired by my good friend Ritchie Kinmont with http://www.sonicdad.com. 

We collaborated together on a design for a rocket that could be powered by the sugar motors I showed you how to make in a previous video (http://bit.ly/SugarRocket) made with PVC, sugar, kitty litter, and stump remover.  

The new “Screw-Lock" version features threaded PVC risers, that allow the motors to quickly be changed, for faster turn-around times, and they have built in ejection charges for popping out the parachute at apogee.

Last year I promised that if there was enough interest, I'd try to develop a rocket that could be used with the sugar motors .. and my goal was to build a version where the sugar motors could screw onto the bottom of the rocket for convenience.

At the beginning of the year, the Sonic Dad team reached looking to do some kind of a collaboration, and the timing was perfect.  So I asked Ritchie if he could help me engineer a sugar rocket.

Most rocket clubs won't let you fly sugar motors, except on special experimental launch days.  However, the “Randomizer” rocket can also be used with commercial “Estes” D12-3 and E9-6 black power motors.  So if you go with those, there's a good chance they'll let you fly your rocket at any club launch.

The rocket can fly over 1,000 feet high, and depending on the winds, can stay in the air for around 5 minutes while it floats back to the ground, so it's important to be super cautious where, and when, you launch to avoid doing any damage.

This video completes the rocket building series, and I'm really excited to share my passion for building and launching rockets with completely home-made equipment.  In my opinion, it's the best way to learn about how rocketry really works.
#tkor #thekingofrandom

How To Build A Rocket (From Scratch)

In both types of snakes the hood is actually made of rib bones that the snakes can flare

In both types of snakes, the hood is actually made of rib bones that the snakes can flare

SciShow

Picking common and scientific names is a puzzle of taxonomy, and sometimes we end up naming huge frogs "Mountain Chickens". So, let's figure out this puzzle.

Hosted by: Michael Aranda
----------
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Sources:

http://bit.ly/2d8Ir12 
http://bit.ly/2dh4eSP
http://bit.ly/2dendeb

Jackrabbits
http://on.natgeo.com/1fRYLwW
http://bit.ly/2cGWbjG
http://bit.ly/1wdL8uh
http://bit.ly/2crWcoL
http://bit.ly/2cGVve7
http://bit.ly/1UgxdEV
http://bit.ly/2cGSxGJ
http://bit.ly/2d5YY18
http://bit.ly/2cZQvxN
http://bit.ly/2dh7ttH
Mountain Goats
http://on.natgeo.com/2cGWN92
http://bit.ly/2crWWu6
http://bit.ly/2d8LgiJ
http://bit.ly/2cX1MAk
http://bit.ly/2dh7lu6
http://bit.ly/2derKNw
http://bit.ly/2d8LFBw
Taxonomy 
http://bit.ly/2cRuTBL
Mountain Lions
http://on.natgeo.com/1brmi4K
http://bit.ly/2bdcm72
http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Felidae/ 
http://www.mountainlion.org/CAL_ch1.asp
http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Puma_concolor/
http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Panthera_leo/
http://appvoices.org/2006/01/01/2584/
http://www.macalester.edu/~montgomery/CougarExtra.html 
http://bit.ly/2cRvkMa 
http://bit.ly/2crXaRL
http://bit.ly/2cGXA9X 
http://bit.ly/2cPe63x

Flying Lemurs
http://eol.org/pages/1040858/details 
http://bit.ly/2crWADC
http://bit.ly/2crXakY
http://bit.ly/2crWPi4 
http://bit.ly/2cNXBXp
http://s.si.edu/2cPeork
https://www.britannica.com/animal/flying-lemur 
http://bit.ly/2derGO3
http://bit.ly/2crXT5w
http://bit.ly/2cPf4wI
http://bit.ly/2cFfS8c
http://bit.ly/2ckjpG4

King Cobra
http://on.natgeo.com/1rZZo8k
http://bit.ly/2dh8Usf
http://bit.ly/1RBgUxh
http://bit.ly/2ckkFsH
http://bit.ly/2cATY43
http://bit.ly/2d61ncb
http://bit.ly/2cFf6bg
http://bit.ly/2dh9pm2
http://bit.ly/2d8M0Ez
http://bit.ly/2dh9Lcn 
http://bit.ly/2cNZdAj
http://phys.org/news/2010-04-cobras-hood-flares.html 
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24684-snakes-outpacing-other-vertebrates-in-race-to-evolve/ 
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/12/131203090701.htm?trendmd-shared=0 

Electric Eels
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/electric-eel/ 
https://www.fws.gov/northeast/americaneel/
http://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/species/ameel/ 
https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56433 
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-electric-eels-gene/
http://www.wired.com/2014/06/electric-fish-convergent-evolution/
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/344/6191/1522
http://www.georgiaaquarium.org/animal-guide/georgia-aquarium/home/galleries/river-scout/gallery-animals/electric-eel
http://bit.ly/2d5WXlu
http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Anguilla_rostrata/ 
http://bit.ly/2ckikxR
http://bit.ly/2cRsaZ4

Mantis Shrimp
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/scin.5591820609/abstract
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/343/6169/411 
https://pateklab.biology.duke.edu/mechanics-movement-mantis-shrimp 
http://gizmodo.com/mantis-shrimp-roll-their-eyes-but-for-a-good-reason-1783624833 
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/malacostraca/eumalacostraca/stomatopoda.html 
http://www.wired.com/2014/01/absurd-creature-of-the-week-4/ 
https://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animal-guide/invertebrates/midwater-shrimp 
http://oceana.org/marine-life/cephalopods-crustaceans-other-shellfish/white-shrimp 
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2012/06/mantis-shrimp-smash 
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/aquarius/evolution.html 
http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Malacostraca/

7 Animals That Aren't What We Call Them

looks like you might be missing a rib or two there

looks like you might be missing a rib or two there.

The Game Theorists

Special thanks to Honey for sponsoring this video!
SAVE MONEY with Honey ►► http://joinhoney.com/matpat

With Kirby Star Allies announced, I thought it was time to show our favorite puffball some love. Kirby was by far one of my favorite characters growing up and I fondly remember all his games. However, I’ve never been able to wrap my head around one question: Just what is Kirby? Sure he’s a star warrior, but what IS he? Well Loyal Theorists, I think I’ve stumbled upon the answer… Prepare yourself for a scientific journey!

SUBSCRIBE for Every Theory! ► http://bit.ly/1qV8fd6
Hang out with us on GTLive! ►► http://bit.ly/1LkSBnz
 
More THEORIES:
The Firestorm of Battlefront 2! ►► https://goo.gl/Rmv4Zs
Gaming Is BROKEN! What’s Next? ►► https://goo.gl/5Nf7uU
Pokemon Are Going EXTINCT! ►► https://goo.gl/pUEkbk
Super Mario BETRAYED?! ►► https://goo.gl/NpsRVz
The Pokedex is FULL OF LIES! ►► https://goo.gl/1sGoXL
How Bendy Will END! ►►► https://goo.gl/hGeBMo

Check out some more of our awesome video game content: 

Game Theory ►► http://bit.ly/1zz3t7E
Culture Shock ►► http://bit.ly/1sw7aZ8
The SCIENCE! ►► https://goo.gl/GFK9EV

Game Theory: What is a Kirby? The SCIENTIFIC PROOF!

Its prime rib done barbecue style but left rare

Its prime rib done barbecue style, but left rare.

Talks at Google

"In New York in a Dozen Dishes, longtime restaurant critic Robert Sietsema (currently, ny.eater.com) offers a gastronomic portrait of the city through the lens of 13 dishes. Some, like fried chicken and pizza, are well-known and universally consumed. Others, like cuy (South American guinea pig) and Pakistani goat brains, are more challenging and obscure. Each dish is described by means of anecdote, historical fact, and personal history. The book also contains recommendations for where to find the best examples of these dishes in the city and surrounding areas, and a recipe that would allow you to make each dish – though it’s really easier just to eat them in restaurants.
Robert Sietsema was born in Michigan; grew up in Chicago, Minneapolis, and Dallas; went to college in Austin and grad school in Madison, Wisconsin, before discovering that he always belonged in New York. He’s worked for Gourmet and the New York Times, is married, lives in Greenwich Village, and has a daughter."

New York in a Dozen Dishes | Robert Sietsema | Talks at Google

They were born into a sea of fruit eating, knuckle dragging, forest dwelling apes.

It wasn’t that they were smarter, or stronger.

It wasn't that they were more capable of having children, or better at digesting food.

They lived in the trees just as their ancestors had always done.

But the moment that they set foot on the ground, and that ape stepped up back onto its hips,

And where they would walk, man would run.

Twenty millions years ago, tectonic forces beneath the Tibetan plateau forced the land

to rise so drastically that it would create the largest mountains on Earth.

And in that massive heat sink hot humid air was swept up from the Indian Ocean

effectively drying out the regions to the North and West

and creating unstoppable monsoons to the South and East.

In the Eastern Horn of Africa, rapidly drying as its moisture was pulled away towards those Asian highlands,

a second geological change was underway that would dry it out even further.

A large strip of magma running beneath the earth cracked a valley down the middle of modern day Africa,

driving the land up on either side like the surface of your lips in the sun.

And as those surrounding mountains rose to tower over two miles above that split,

With the humidity of the Indian Ocean now blocked from the land by the newly formed highlands,

much of East Africa had become more parched than it had been in hundreds of millions of years.

But for the creatures living in these lands, this would have been completely unnoticeable.

It would have taken thousands of generations of even the longest living creatures

But as the climate changed with the slow march of geological time,

The wet, dense forests that would have once ran across a relatively flat land

were slowly being replaced by wide, sporadically forested savanna.

The apes that once relied on the nearly endless fruit of the forest

would now need to make longer and longer treks to find a meal.

As they walked, their hips would scream in pain.

Apes were meant for trees, not the plains.

Their bodies were adapted to climbing, not running.

Their hips had shifted in a way that allowed them to stand upright for longer periods of time.

And as the forest began to thin around them, this made them the first among equals.

They could cling to smaller branches, and reach fruits further from their centre of gravity.

One tiny shift in their hips set in motion a whole series of changes

It allowed them to walk farther, faster, and with less pain than those who’d come before.

Splitting into many competing groups, their bodies would slowly morph to better suit the new environment.

Or perhaps more accurately, the environment would destroy those who had failed to adapt to it.

As those early hominins began to stand on their own two feet,

it freed their hands to run with food and carry tools.

They could now fight with fists, not just teeth, protecting their faces from the enemy assault.

Their ever-lengthening bodies could now see above the tall grass and spot predators.

The sun would no longer beat down on their entire torso, lessening the chance of death by overheating.

None of these late apes made any intentional choices to change.

It’s just those that couldn’t, simply died.

In the Awash Valley of Ethiopia, in the early 1970’s, researchers unearthed

what is perhaps the most well-known hominin ever discovered.

One of the many once-missing links in a long chain of adaptations that brought us into this world.

Her name is Lucy to most, but to the local people she is known as Marvelous, Dinkinesh in Amharic,

and she lived and died over three million years ago.

Her kneecap tells us that although she would have been at home in the trees,

she spent most of her time on the ground, walking upright.

Compared to the apes who came before, her arms were slightly shorter, and her legs were slightly longer.

In her hips we can see that she was once bitten by a carnivore.

Whether it killed her, we’ll likely never know.

But to me the most important thing is that she lived at all.

Because she represents a clear shift in human evolution.

3.2 million years ago, hominins had left the forest for good.

Our predecessors and the splinters that came off of them were no longer uniquely tree dwelling creatures.

As time progressed, so too did the bodies of those once great apes.

These new creatures weren’t just walking the savanna now, they were running it.

Their centres of gravity shifted and their joints grew stronger.

Their body hair decreased and their glands opened up to allow for more sweat.

But most importantly, their hips became shorter, wider, and with a more pronounced bowl.

Simultaneously to every mother's chagrin, their heads began to grow as well.

In a series of spurts, the brains of the savanna apes began to rapidly increase in size.

With smaller hips and larger heads, their mothers began to die en masse.

Childbirth became an incredibly dangerous affair.

Hominin society adapted to the deaths, and so did their bodies.

Gestation period shortened dramatically, and babies were now being born

without the skills required to survive on their own.

It would take years to catch them up to speed, but at least their heads were small.

With so many children born without mothers, menopause began in elder women,

allowing them time to care for children not their own.

and childrearing was placed in the arms of the remaining community.

Those who hadn't died in their own childbirth.

Ironically, this growth of the brain was likely caused by a lack of food, rather than an abundance of it.

Apes that had once relied on fruits and vegetables, common in the forests of their predecessors,

now had to find substitutes in the vast lands of grass that they couldn’t consume.

There was food all around them, but their stomachs weren’t up to the task of digesting it.

So they had to turn elsewhere to survive.

The creatures that surrounded them, drinking from the same bodies of water

and living in the shade of the same trees, became their new source of food.

If the hominins couldn’t eat the grass, they’d eat the animals that could.

But these were not yet hunters, they were scavengers.

So when an animal died, they’d eat the corpse.

More specifically, they’d break the bones and suck out the marrow.

It was this marrow that began the road towards modern man.

Test your pronunciation!

“rib”